M

Mace (Nancy A.)

U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD

The King's printers of Latin, Greek and Hebrew and the forms of Lily's Latin Grammar.

William Lily’s Short Introduction of Grammar is significant because of its role in the history of royal patents and the information it provides to scholars studying classical learning in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. A central part of the Office of King’s Printer of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, one of the oldest printing patents granted by the Crown, its fortunes reveal much about some of the most important members of the Stationers’ Company and such joint stock arrangements as the Latin Stock. Because the patent was still in force throughout the eighteenth century, the fate of the Latin grammar also dramatizes the eroding power of royal monopolies in the age of copyright. Perhaps of greater importance for literary scholars, however, is the pivotal role played by Lily’s Grammar in the education of all upper-class British males. Beginning in 1540 when Henry VIII made it the only authorized Latin textbook in all the schools of England---a decree reinforced by his successors for at least the next two hundred years---Lily’s Latin Grammar was the only Latin textbook used in English schools. Because students memorized the entire text, including hundreds of Latin tags taken from Roman authors, Lily’s Short Introduction offers scholars a commonplace book of Latin quotations that any seventeenth or eighteenth century author could expect his educated readers to recognize.

As valuable and widespread as this book was, though, it presents special problems for the scholar who wants to mine it for quotations of Latin authors that might be familiar to every learned reader. Anyone who has examined many copies of this supposed “standard” grammar quickly discovers that different versions of the text coexisted throughout its history, especially in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The question then arises which form of Lily’s Latin Grammar was the “authorized” edition? The answer to this question is not as simple as it might seem. This paper will explore the reasons for the variant texts by tracing the history of the King’s Printer of Latin, Greek and Hebrew in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and relating the patent to the publishing history of Lily’s Short Introduction. The talk will end by considering the implications both for patent history and for those who want to consult Lily as a source of standard quotations.

Nancy A. Mace is a Professor of English at the United States Naval Academy. She is the author of Henry Fielding’s Novels and the Classical Tradition (1996) and has published articles on eighteenth-century theatre, royal patents, and eighteenth-century music publishing in Philological Quarterly, Music & Letters, Book History, and Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. Her most recent article, on the issue of reversionary copyright and music, will appear this spring in the Journal of the Royal Musical Association. She is completing a book on music copyright in late eighteenth-century England.

Machor (James L.)

Kansas State University

Volatile receptions : the mid-19th-century response to Melville's Omoo.

In his introductory overview of Melville's "critical heritage," Watson Branch asserts that the popular success and critical approval that had greeted Melville's first book, Typee, "continued and grew even wider with following year in response to Omoo." Although Melville scholars have continued to subscribe to this position, this paper will argue that the reception of Melville's second book was anything but a mirror or an intensification of the response to Typee. Omoo sold only about two-thirds as many copies as Typee, and 100 fewer reviews and notices of Omoo appeared in the U.S. Matching these quantitative differences was a qualitative shift in the responses to Melville's second novel, whereby reviewers read it through an altered set of interpretive assumptions that turned Omoo into a problematic, dangerous, and ultimately disappointing book.

Part of the shift involved a marked increase in reviewer objections to Melville's treatment and critique of the missionaries in Omoo. One reason for this upsurge was that the American audience was unprepared for what they viewed as a suddenly strident, and thus excessive, critique of Christianity in this novel. An even greater factor was that reviewers, after having struggled with the question of Typee's authenticity, were inclined to take Omoo as a prima facia work of fiction. Such an orientation meant that, in the logic of antebellum reading formations, Omoo was an advocacy novel and thereby belonged to a problematic genre whose credibility as social critique was suspect by virtue of its fictional status. Such impugning of the novel's legitimacy as social and moral authority, in turn, helped pave the way for responses that questioned the author's own morality, as several reviewers for the first time leveled charges against Melville for having written a work, not extolling primitive innocence, as Typee supposedly had, but one promoting unrestrained licentiousness. Adding to the problem was the way several key reviews, led by the British magazines, found Omoo to be disappointing because it failed to mark an advance upon Typee. For such reviewers, the similarity of Omoo to its predecessor was a cause, not for applause, but for readerly disappointment that Melville had not fulfilled his potential as a writer by going beyond his first novel. Such shifts in audience responses were significant in repositioning Melville in the antebellum literary marketplace, not only in terms of the public perception of his texts but also in the way Melville conceived his relation to his audience with his next novel, Mardi.

The author of this proposed paper is a professor of English at Kansas State University, where his research and teaching focus on nineteenth-century American literature and culture, reception study, and reader-response theory and criticism. In addition to his articles on American literature, questions of the canon, and critical theory, he is the authorof Pastoral Cities: Urban Ideals and the Symbolic Landscape of America (1987) and the editor of Readers in History: Nineteenth-Century American Literature and the Contexts of Response (1993) and Reception Study: From Literary Theory to Cultural Studies (2001).

MacKinon (Anne G.)

Dalhousie University, Canada

Immigrant workers and expatriate entrepreneurs : the Canadian Book Trade and Library Index and the cross-border business in print.

Crossing Borders: The Impact of French and Anglo-American Book History Methods on the Study of Print Culture in Canada

Rhonda M. Miller, Elizabeth J. Millar, Anne G. MacKinnon, and Bertrum H. MacDonald

Canada, a bilingual country significantly shaped by its French and British colonial history, is a unique location to examine the influence of French and Anglo-American book history theory. Since the middle of the twentieth century Canadian scholars have been studying the history of the country’s print culture within the paradigms of both histoire du livre and analytical and descriptive bibliography. At times researchers have written within one or the other frameworks, while at others, a blending of the intellectual models is evident in the scholarly literature. Given its history, Canada has been a vibrant testing ground for the application of the two scholarly traditions. Drawing on a bilingual database of over 4,000 records of the literature of the history of Canada’s print culture (being built as part of the work of the History of the Book in Canada project), this paper traces the development of the scholarly discipline of book history in Canada. The sophisticated record structure of the database supports numerous queries concerning such variables as authorship, subjects, and geographic and temporal focus, which in turn facilitates examination of the influence of the two major historical traditions. This paper will show that the two traditions have molded Canadian scholarship. Moreover, the paper will demonstrate that the two traditions have come together to create a rich tapestry of scholarly endeavour. In the analysis, both traditions will be seen side-by-side and together as the two have influenced each other. In addition, the paper will discuss the relative suitability of applying either tradition to the emerging study of aboriginal interaction in print culture.

Anne G. MacKinnon is a Research Assistant with the History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada project. She holds a BA (Acadia University), and a MLIS from Dalhousie University.

Malone (Cheryl), University of Arizona : Enumerative bibliography and representation : Daniel A.P. Murray's A Preliminary List of Books and Pamphlets by Negro Authors for Paris Exposition and Library of Congress.

Abstract

One of the earliest enumerative bibliographies whose purpose was to make people aware of the intellectual and expressive output of African Americans was compiled in preparation for the "Negro Exhibit" at the Paris Exposition of 1900. The existence of this work, compiled by Daniel A. P. Murray, an assistant at the Library of Congress, and published as A Preliminary List of Books and Pamphlets by Negro Authors for Paris Exposition and Library of Congress, suggests that the "enumerative" category of bibliography may be too narrowly conceived.

According to standard texts on the subject, an enumerative bibliography lists books and other information objects in a particular arrangement. The enumerative bibliography refers to information objects without considering the circumstances under which they were produced or consumed. When compared to analytical bibliography--which encompasses the history of the book, according to D.F. McKenzie--enumerative bibliography stands as a narrow practice of listing rather than an expansive quest for knowledge. But enumerative bibliographies can serve larger purposes. They can, for example, support the political and cultural project of racial representation. Esther Sinnette and others have argued that African American bibliophiles during the early twentieth century were engaged in just such a project of representation.

Daniel Murray's list had the immediate objective of identifying items that could be sent to Paris. It had the underlying objective of making known to ignorant and in some cases hostile whites on both sides of the Atlantic that such items existed. The list represented some 270 books and pamphlets written by blacks, but it represented more than the items it listed. It also represented African Americans as intellectual and creative human beings. In its iconic role, the bibliography meant something in and of itself. It thus was both referential and indexical, to use McKenzie's terms, and indexical in both of McKenzie's senses of that term. Murray's list, as a published pamphlet, had its own symbolic meaning, in addition to doing the work that enumerative bibliographies are thought to do.

In this presentation I will explore how an enumerative bibliography intended to support the project of overturning the racial status quo can be understood as complicating the categories of bibliography as currently understood. I will draw on primary sources including the papers of Daniel Murray, the official reports of the U.S. Commissioner-General to the Paris Exposition, and contemporaneous newspaper accounts to document the compilation and publication of the bibliography and the uses to which it was put.

Résumé

Un des bibliographies énumératives les plus tôt dont le but était de mettre au courant des personnes du rendement intellectuel et expressif des Américains africains a été compilé en vue du l'"objet exposé de nègre" à L'exposition Universelle Internationale de 1900. L'existence de ce travail, compilée par Daniel A. P. Murray, d'un aide à la Bibliothèque du Congrès, et éditée comme A Preliminary List of Books and Pamphlets by Negro Authors for Paris Exposition and Library of Congress, suggère que la catégorie "énumérative" de la bibliographie puisse être trop étroitement conçue.

Selon les textes standard sur le sujet, une bibliographie énumérative énumère des livres et d'autres objets de l'information dans un arrangement particulier. La bibliographie énumérative se rapporte à des objets de l'information sans considérer les circonstances dans lesquelles elles ont été produites ou consommés. En tant que le moment où comparé à la bibliographie analytique -- qui entoure l'histoire du livre, selon D.F. McKenzie -- la bibliographie énumérative se tient une pratique étroite de la liste plutôt qu'une recherche expansible pour la connaissance. Mais les bibliographies énumératives peuvent atteindre de plus grands objectifs. Ils peuvent, par exemple, soutenir le projet politique et culturel de la représentation raciale. Esther Sinnette et d'autres ont argué du fait que des bibliophiles américains africains pendant le vingtième siècle tôt ont été engagés dans juste un tel projet de représentation.

La liste de Daniel Murray a eu l'objectif immédiat d'identifier les articles qui pourraient être envoyés à Paris. Elle a eu l'objectif fondamental de faire connaître aux blancs ignorants et dans certains cas hostiles des deux côtés de l'Océan atlantique que de tels articles ont existé. La liste a représenté environ 270 livres et brochures écrits par des noirs, mais elle a représenté plus que les articles qu'elle a énumérés. Elle a également représenté les Américains africains en tant qu'êtres humains intellectuels et créateurs. Dans son rôle iconique, la bibliographie a signifié quelque chose seule. Elle était ainsi référentielle et indexical, pour employer les termes de McKenzie, et indexical dans tous les deux sens de McKenzie de cette limite. La liste de Murray, comme brochure éditée, a eu sa propre signification symbolique, en plus d'effectuer le travail qu'on pense des bibliographies énumératives pour faire.

Dans cette présentation j'explorerai comment une bibliographie énumérative prévue pour soutenir le projet de retourner le statu quo racial peut être comprise en tant que compliquer les catégories de la bibliographie comme actuellement compris. Je dessinerai sur des sources primaires comprenant les papiers de Daniel Murray, les rapports officiels des ETATS-UNIS Commissaire-Généraux à l'exposition de Paris, et le journal contemporain rend compte pour documenter la compilation et la publication de la bibliographie et des utilisations auxquelles elle a été mise.

Malfatto (Laura)

Bibliothèque Berio, Genova

Savoir et merveilles. La bibliothèque de Demetrio Canevari, médecin gênois entre nouvelles sciences et tradition

Malone (Cheryl)

Enumerative bibliography and representation : Daniel A. P. Murray's A preliminary list of books and pamphlets by Negro authors for Paris Exposition and Library of Congress.

Mann (Alastair)

University of Stirling, Scotland

Edward Raban : soldier and printer of the North Sea (c. 1585-1658).

In 1622 Edward Raban became Aberdeen’s first printer, the first town in Scotland after Edinburgh to have a continuously established printing press. But Raban was not merely an important provincial printer within Scotland. Born in England of German stock, Raban’s early adulthood was as a soldier fighting for Maurice of Nassau and the Dutch Republic against Catholic Spain. He was associated with the ‘Pilgrim Press’ of Leiden, which played a vital part in the production of the banned Scottish Presbyterian tracts that circulated in the reigns of James VI and I and Charles I, and before the press and some of Raban’s associates departed in the Mayflower for the Americas. In fact Raban appears to have learnt his trade in Amsterdam under the printer Francoise Lammelinson, and interestingly punctuated his European career as a soldier with spells at the press.

It might seem ironic that as the Dutch authorities closed in on Raban in Leiden sanctuary could be sought in the cave of the lion, in Scotland itself. And yet soon after his arrival in Scotland in 1620 Raban attempted to pose as an establishment figure quickly gaining the support of the merchant and university communities of Aberdeen. He was not entirely successful at playing the moderate during years of such religious and political upheaval as 1630s and 1640s. This was a time in Scottish and British history when moderation was not a popular commodity.

This paper will assess the background of this printer of the North Sea, reflecting on his contribution to both radical and establishment printing in the complex political and economic contexts of seventeenth-century Scotland.

Dr. Alastair Mann is lecturer in Scottish history at the University of Stirling. He is author of The Scottish Book Trade 1500 to 1720: Print Commerce and Print Control in Early Modern Scotland (2000), awarded the Saltire Society, Scottish Literature Research Book of the Year Prize for 2001, and co-editor of the forthcoming History of the Book in Scotland, volume 1: medieval to 1707. He research interests include the history of the Scottish parliament before 1707, the reign of James VII and II and book history and censorship in Scotland and Britain from 1500 to the present.

Marshall (Alan)

Musée de l’imprimerie, Lyon

Chair

Martin (Henri-Jean)

Ecole nationale des chartes et Ecole pratique des hautes études (IVe section), Paris

Invité d’honneur.

Mayo (Hope)

Chair

McCleery (Alistair)

Napier University, Edinburgh

The travels, travails and trials of Lady Chatterley.

The trials of DH Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover in the USA (1959) and the UK (1960) might have seemed the novel's final liberation from control and censorship. In previous instances of prosecutions for obscenity, the jurisdictions of the former British Empire had taken their lead from the English courts. For example, after the trial of The Well of Loneliness in 1928, the Home Office sent out alerts to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, India and, as it was then, Ceylon to ensure the maintenance of the ban throughout the pink-coloured world. However, in the postwar period such compliance with English verdicts, whether guilty or not guilty, could no longer be guaranteed. This created a dissonance with the international reach of English publishers: in this case, Heinemann and Penguin. The novel could not even be sold in Scotland as the jurisdiction of the trial only covered England and Wales and a more Puritanical outlook dominated the Caledonian courts as it certainly did those of the devolved Northern Irish administration. In March 1964 the establishment of a Indecent Publications Tribunal in New Zealand provided the opportunity to appeal against the designation by the Customs authorities there of Lady Chatterley's Lover, in both the Heinemann hardback and the Penguin paperback unexpurgated editions, as indecent and prohibited for import. The pre-existing ban on the import of Lady Chatterley's Lover into Australia was not lifted by Federal Customs and Excise until May 19, 1965 (although the more conservative state of Victoria persisted in legal obstructions to the novel). In Canada the New American Library versions were readily available: by the time the Penguin edition was licensed for sale in the UK in November 1960, 1,250,000 copies of the NAL unexpurgated version and 2,200,000 copies of the NAL expurgated version had been sold in Canada in every province with the exception of Quebec, like Victoria in the Commonwealth of Australia, more conservative than its fellow members of the Dominion. In India, the benefits of both political independence and the nurturing of an autonomous, indigenous publishing sector were apparent in the licensing of the unexpurgated version to an Indian publisher.

His case study illustrates how the loss of a common, and centralised, legal framework after the Second World War inhibited the previous ease of entry by UK publishers into traditional markets that were slow to accept or rejected (in the case of South Africa) the more liberal outlook of 'Swinging London'.

Professor Alistair McCleery is Director of the Scottish Centre for the Book and author of a study of Allen Lane and Penguin in Book History 5 (2002).

McDonald (Bertrum H.) and Black (Fiona A.)

Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Immigrant workers and expatriate entrepreneurs : the Canadian Book Trade and Library Index and the cross-border business in print.

Ouvriers immigrés et entrepreneurs expatriés : l’Index canadien des métiers du livre et des bibliothèques et le commerce du livre transfrontalier

Résumé

Les colonies et les régions marchandes qui ont formé le Canada offrent un matériau idéal pour examiner en détail les transferts culturels entre l’Ancien et le Nouveau Monde centralisés autour des liaisons commerciales établies outre-Atlantique et le long de la côte est de l’Amérique du Nord. Un outil crucial pour mener de telles recherches est l’Index canadien des métiers du livre et des bibliothèques (ICMLB), conçu et mis en œuvre dans le cadre du projet History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada. La base de données, pensée à l’origine pour être utilisée sur Internet et de concert avec un système d’information géographique (SIG), contient actuellement plusieurs milliers d’entrées provenant d’annuaires urbains et régionaux, de recensements, de journaux et d’archives. Le contrôle de la qualité qui préside à l’entrée de données répond à des critères élevés, et l’accent a été mis jusqu’à maintenant sur les Maritimes et sur les Prairies à la fin du XIXe siècle. L’ICMLB est un outil unique parmi les index liés du commerce du livre en ce que ces principaux index sont bilingues et qu’il peut dès lors être interrogé en français et en anglais. La première partie de cette communication expose les décisions en rapport avec la conception de la base de données ainsi que les arguments qui les ont fondées, au sein d’un cadre de travail tenant compte du caractère international du commerce du livre. Dans la seconde partie, la communication analyse des résultats de recherches, portant particulièrement sur les figures les moins connues de ce commerce, et décrit les nouvelles possibilités de recherche que permet l’utilisation de l’ICMLB. Sera abordée en particulier l’analyse par le biais du SIG, laquelle met à profit des données géographiques du XIXe siècle, le recensement sur les métiers de 1881 et l’ICMLB.

Abstract

The colonies and mercantile regions which formed Canada offer an excellent opportunity for detailed examination of those cultural transfers between the old and the new worlds which centred on business links across the Atlantic and along the eastern seaboard of North America. A critical tool for such research is the Canadian Book Trade and Library Index (CBTLI), which has been designed and implemented under the auspices of the project for a History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada. The database, designed from the beginning for web use and implementation within a geographic information system (GIS), currently holds several thousand records derived from city and regional directories, census returns, newspapers and archival sources. Quality control governing data entry is extensive and the focus to date has been on the later nineteenth century in the Maritimes and the Prairies. The CBTLI is unique amongst book trade indexes as its principal indexes are bilingual and it is thus searchable in both French and English. The first part of this paper explains the database design decisions and the research rationale underlying them, within the framework of the internationalism of the book trades. In the second part, the paper analyses research findings, particularly in relation to the lesser known figures in the trade, and describes new research potential accruing from use of the CBTLI. In particular, GIS analysis is included which uses nineteenth-century geographic information, the 1881 census of occupations, and the CBTLI.

Fiona Black is English Editor for Volume 2 (1840-1918) of A History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada, a five-year collaborative project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Several of her publications have focussed on book availability in early Canada and the Scottish contributions to the trade. She is currently Acting Director of the School of Library and Information Studies at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia.

Bertrum MacDonald is the Associate Dean (Research) in the Faculty of Management at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. He is the Editor of Electronic Resources for the History of the Book in Canada /Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada project. His research focuses primarily on the history and dissemination of scientific and technical information in Canada. In 2001 he was named a Dibner Library Research Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC.

Crossing Borders: The Impact of French and Anglo-American Book History Methods on the Study of Print Culture in Canada

Rhonda M. Miller, Elizabeth J. Millar, Anne G. MacKinnon, and Bertrum H. MacDonald

McLeod (Kirsten)

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta

Modernism and the Modern Library Series 1917-1925

Le Modernisme et les Modern Library Series 1917-1925.

Abstract

Using the lists of the Modern Library Series and promotional material for the years from 1917-1925, this paper argues that literary Modernism looks different when approached from the perspective of the publisher. It describes, on the one hand, the efforts on the part of the publisher of the series to mediate between the traditional and the avant-garde, the classic and the modern, the artistic and the commercial. This mediation resulted in a less radical notion of the “modern” than that which we associate with the Modernist movement. On the other hand, the paper demonstrates the vital role that the Modern Library Series played in constructing Modernist subjects by providing them with the cultural capital necessary to be receptive to works of avant-garde or high Modernism.

Résumé

En utilisant le catalogue des livres et la matière publicitaire de la série “Modern Library” entre les années 1917 et 1925, cette communication indique que le modernisme littéraire a l’air différent quand on le voit de la perspective de l’éditeur. D’une part, la communication décrit comment la série était à la fois traditionelle et d’avant-garde, classique et moderne, artistique et commerciale. Cette médiation a entrainé une idée du modernisme moins radicale que ce qu’on associe avec le mouvement littéraire. D’autre part, la communication démontre le rôle important que la série a joué en construant des sujets modernes et en leur donnant ce dont ils ont besoin pour apprécier les oeuvres du modernisme d’avant-garde.

Kirsten MacLeod is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Alberta. Her research areas include British Decadence, Late-Victorian Literature and Culture, and American and British Modernism. She has published articles on the popular novelist Marie Corelli and on the reception of the works of Emile Zola in fin-de-siècle Britain. Her edition of Marie Corelli’s novel, Wormwood, has just been published by Broadview Press.

Mellot (Jean-Dominique)

Bibliothèque nationale de France

Librairie et révolution : la liberté et ses contradictions.

Entre juillet 1789 et 1791, la Révolution française proclame et s'efforce d'organiser la liberté de la presse, l'un des principes les plus chers au nouveau régime et les plus symboliques de l'abolition de l'Ancien. Par la suite, même en pleine période de Terreur, le pouvoir révolutionnaire continuera à se réclamer de ce principe. Mais entre-temps la liberté de la presse sera devenue pour les auteurs et les journalistes comme pour les imprimeurs et les libraires une chimère meurtrière qui ne les garantira nullement de l'arbitraire du pouvoir en place. Comment continuer à invoquer la liberté de la presse lorsque l'on ne fait rien pour la défendre ou, pire encore, lorsque l'on va jusqu'à proclamer "Pas de liberté pour les ennemis de la liberté !" ? Victimes de ces contradictions, le pluralisme et la liberté de la presse se soldent dans la France révolutionnaire par un échec cuisant qui justifie sous le Consulat et le Premier Empire le retour à peine contesté à une censure sans le nom. En se situant du côté des métiers du livre et de l'imprimé, l'intervention tentera d'analyser les circonstances et les raisons de cet échec de la liberté de la presse dans la France révolutionnaire.

Jean-Dominique Mellot, archiviste paléographe, est conservateur à la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Docteur en histoire, auteur d’une thèse sur la librairie à Rouen au XVIIe siècle, il est également chargé de conférences à l’Ecole pratique des hautes études (IVe section).

Michon (Jacques)

Université de Sherbrooke, Canada

Pour une histoire comparée des deux grands systèmes éditoriaux canadiens.

J’aimerais proposer ici quelques pistes de réflexion pour une histoire comparée des deux grands systèmes éditoriaux canadiens. Le projet d'Histoire du livre et de l'imprimé au Canada / History of the Book in Canada nous fournit aujourd'hui les analyses et les instruments nécessaires pour esquisser une telle comparaison.

1) On connaît les traits communs à ces deux marchés, francophone et anglophone: présence dominante du livre importé, puissance commerciale des agences et sociétés de distribution du livre étranger, rapports avec les grandes capitales du livre (Londres, New York, Paris), impact des politiques fédérales dans le domaine culturel (lois, programmes de subventions, etc), effet de la disparité et de la dispersion régionale sur l’organisation des entreprises.

2) Les deux marchés linguistiques, fondés sur des réseaux de distribution parallèles, tirent aussi leur spécificité de pratiques et de traditions distinctes: emprunts aux méthodes de fabrication et de distribution de Grande-Bretagne et des Etats-Unis d’un côté; emprunts au système français de l’autre. Différence aussi dans les rapports avec l’État, les pouvoirs publics, et les politiques gouvernementales. L’instrumentalisation des politiques nationales par les éditeurs anglophones et francophones s’effectue selon des vecteurs idéologiques et commerciaux qui leur sont propres.

3) Ces parcours parallèles, voire opposés, sont toutefois convergents à un autre niveau, notamment dans l’appropriation progressive des moyens de production et de diffusion. Entre autres indicateurs de cette autonomisation, signalons l’apparition de la figure de l'éditeur au début du XXe siècle comme promoteur de la culture nationale (canadienne d’un côté, québécoise de l’autre), les progrès des éditeurs et des distributeurs locaux sur leur propre marché et la reconnaissance des auteurs canadiens à l'étranger.

Jacques Michon, Chaire de recherche du Canada en histoire du livre et de l'édition, Université de Sherbrooke

Millar (Elizabeth J. )

Dalhousie University, Canada

Immigrant workers and expatriate entrepreneurs : the Canadian Book Trade and Library Index and the cross-border business in print.

Crossing Borders: The Impact of French and Anglo-American Book History Methods on the Study of Print Culture in Canada

Rhonda M. Miller, Elizabeth J. Millar, Anne G. MacKinnon, and Bertrum H. MacDonald

Elizabeth J. Millar is a Research Assistant with the History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada project. She holds a BA (Trent University) and a MA (Wilfrid Laurier University), and is currently a student in the MLIS programme at Dalhousie University.

Miller (Rhonda M.)

Dalhousie University, Canada

Immigrant workers and expatriate entrepreneurs : the Canadian Book Trade and Library Index and the cross-border business in print.

Crossing Borders: The Impact of French and Anglo-American Book History Methods on the Study of Print Culture in Canada

Rhonda M. Miller, Elizabeth J. Millar, Anne G. MacKinnon, and Bertrum H. MacDonald

Rhonda M. Miller is the Web Developer for the History of the Book in Canada / Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada project. She holds a BA (Mount Allison University) and a Diploma in Interactive Technology (Nova Scotia Community College), and is currently a student in the MLIS programme at Dalhousie University.

Mollier (Jean-Yves)

Round-table : “The international history of popular fiction 1850-1950”.

Moore (John)

Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts

How to dedicate a book in 18th-century Europe.

In seventeenth- and eighteenth- century Europe, luxurious volumes emerged from royal presses and were distributed as gifts to aristocrats or other monarchs, who would then deposit them in their libraries. The Roman-born architect Luigi Vanvitelli, author of the Dichiarazione dei disegni del reale palazzo di Caserta (Naples, 1756), wrote in a letter to his brother that he had asked the king to give him two impressions for the landgrave of Cassel and thirty further impressions for his own acquaintances. According to Vanvitelli, the king told Bernardo Tanucci, his secretary of state, to release the volumes, since he had had them printed "in order to distribute them, and not to keep them in the government printing office." In the introduction to the Caserta volume, Vanvitelli evokes an international audience, writing that if he had not gone to the trouble of publishing the volume, neither Italy nor Europe would have understood the sublime heights reached by the thoughts of Charles VII (the future Charles III of Spain) and his consort, Maria Amalia of Saxony. In the great scholarly libraries of Europe and North America, students have long consulted books of every conceivable size, subject, scope, and length that bear dedications to exalted individuals--kings, ministers of state, aristocrats, and ecclesiastics. Reading these dedications has long engaged historians and literary scholars, providing much food for thought. However bombastic the flattering words of dedications may strike modern ears, bombast remains nevertheless bereft of signification unless readers understand its conventions. Book dedications, I hope to demonstrate in this paper, formed an important channel of expression in eighteenth-century European cultural and political discourse. Through the lens of diplomatic correspondence, I propose to offer an overview of those elaborate mechanisms that enabled authors to set about the time-consuming and fraught process of dedicating books to monarchs. A strict and deliberative protocol governed the presentation, vetting, and eventual acceptance or rejection of proposed dedications, and all parties involved axiomatically understood that dedications played a significant role in establishing and maintaining a monarch's reputation. This fact seems little acknowledged today but should not surprise us when we recall that title pages were displayed in the windows of commercial booksellers' shops, so that whether in learned Latin or in various vernacular languages, royal patronage was immediately and intimately linked to given authors' names and their literary or scholarly output.

John E. Moore received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1992 and teaches history of art at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts (USA), with a focus on European art and architecture from 1400 to 1800. His scholarly research on eighteenth-century Roman festivals has led him to read widely in diplomatic correspondence; thus, by accident not design, he has stumbled upon a rich trove of information about book dedications.

Myerson (Atalanta)

University of Reading, UK

Secret history : the wartime archives of Oxford University Press

Perhaps most famous for its academic, reference and religious publishing, it is little known that OUP played an important role in the production of secret military texts for the Government and the Admiralty throughout the Second World War.

Much is known about the general history of Oxford University Press (OUP), but very little research work has been carried out on its involvement in the Second World War, particularly from the viewpoint of Book History. This shortage of academic research is almost surprising considering the wealth of material available to scholars in the archives at OUP. As a result of this deficiency, my research is almost wholly reliant upon primary, mostly manuscript, sources.

The archive material includes letterbooks, staff magazines, minute books, estimate copybooks and accounts records. As Printer to the University, John Johnson’s private correspondence provides a vast and varied range of information, from his memoir-like literary accounts of his personal, academic and professional life to accounts of the ever-increasing burden of secret printing. Correspondence by the Assistant Printer, Charles Batey, has also survived which in turn provides us with succinct descriptions of the codebooks and geographical handbooks printed for the Admiralty and the Stationary Office. These letterbooks alone span seventeen 750-page volumes (with roughly three bound per year) and function as a valuable resource. In total the collection is housed on thirty-five shelves and comprises approximately 800 volumes.

The OUP archive should be widely recognised as a critical resource for serious academic research on the wartime publishing and printing of governmental and military publications. My paper will consider the merits and disadvantages of using the archive as a source for twentieth-century Book History, while also providing an analysis of OUP’s fundamental role as printer in the Second World War.

I am a PhD student in the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication at the University of Reading currently writing up my research. In addition, I am a core member of the University’s Centre for Writing, Publishing and Printing History.